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Early Model of 1859 saddletree -

Hopefully, this will be useful to somebody.  Discussing the finer points of saddle and saddletree design and style can be a huge exercise in futility, unless you've got the pieces (or photos) for comparison.  Even then, you're likely to find those with an inability to differentiate small but important differences, making the effort that much more frustrating.  It then becomes similar to trying to describe the difference between a pink and red rose, to someone that is colorblind. 

This particular saddletree was in relic condition when found.   From the shortcuts found in it's construction, it is likely to have been an early (pre-1863/4) wartime production.  These shortcuts included the use of cut nails instead of rivets in ALL areas, including attachment of stirrup loops and arches.   The remainder of rawhide that was on the tree showed several very small patches of brown cowhair still adhered.  The quarterstraps had been attached with No. 12 copper rivets. These images show it with a new rawhide cover. Where necessary, additional images showing later machine-shaped trees (M1896/1904) are used.

early59_top.jpg (17808 bytes) Top View:  Notice the slight inward curve of the sidebars.  This is much more pronounced in latter McClellan trees.

early59_bottom.jpg (21356 bytes)

Bottom View: The mass of the wider sidebars is more noticeable here than above
early59_side.jpg (12761 bytes)

04tree2.jpg (40590 bytes)

Side View:  This is where the most noticeable differences can be seen.  The pommel is very flat on the inner face, giving it a much "sharper" profile.  The cantle on many early McClellans is very low, and has a flatter attachment angle.  The shape is that of a flattened oval, with a slightly concave inner surface.  The stirrup loops are placed a little further ahead than was considered normal for the late war patterns.  The pommel can also be slightly more vertical than this specimen shows.  The lower image is a circa 1900 Rock Island Arsenal documentation photo that shows entire tree - this one really shows cantle attachment area and the enhanced seat area contouring.

early59_side2.jpg (25863 bytes)

04cantlejoin2.jpg (27245 bytes)

Cantle attachment:  The cantle attachment point is unlike post-1896 machine-made trees - Civil War trees had the base of the cantle carved integral with the sidebar.  The separate cantle piece sits on top of this raised section.  Attaching the cantle this way allows for a smoother transition and appearance than the later machine made trees, where this cantle/sidebar angle is much more pronounced.   The second  image is an arsenal photo circa 1900 that shows this more abrupt change in the surface angle. Note the lacing over the seat, that runs under the stitches - these are called "stay thongs".
early59_front.jpg (18820 bytes)

59pommel3.jpg (14931 bytes)

04gullet.jpg (23189 bytes)

Offside Front Quarter:  This is a great shot for several reasons.  The width of the gullet and angle of the sidebars could vary considerably - this one is much wider and flatter than more uniform later pattern trees.   The pommel sides are typically straight lines, with no faceting on front edge - which gives it a nice hard sharp-looking edge.  This also tends to cause the rawhide to start splitting here.  The middle image is a later Civil War production tree that shows this typical flat-sided pommel shape.  This is a big difference from the 'ogive' shape of the later machined trees, such as the WWI tree in the lower image.